Introduction to Stencils
Katazome literally means stencil dyeing.
The stencil is the paper prototype for a repeating pattern or design in
katazome.
To create a repeating pattern on fabric, paste is pushed through the same
stencil over and over again. Therefore the stencil must be made of a very
sturdy material – one that won't be weakened by the moisture in the paste and that may be easily
washed and used repeatedly.
The material devised long ago for this purpose is shibugami, layered paper impregnated with persimmon juice. Several layers of fine
hand-made mulberry paper are laminated using a dark pungent tannin extracted
from persimmons and smoked, the combination acting as an insect repellent and
paper strengthener. The papers are usually graded according to thickness and
number of layers. The thinnest is used for very delicate patterns to be applied
to sheer yardage. The thickest is used for large bold designs applied to very
coarse weaves. The amateur dyer will find a medium-weight paper (#10) to be
suitable for nearly all types of dye work; it is easy to handle, yet very
strong.
In recent times a synthetic version has come into use. A big difference is the
size in which it is available, it comes in a roll about 43" wide. In addition,
being a synthetic, it does not swell as it absorbs moisture. Some versions may
also have a rather unpleasant petroleum-based aroma.
copyright John Marshall, 1992
